History of Computer – Oldest to Latest

Introduction:

Computer is derived from the word compute that means to calculate. Basically it was invented to solve simple to complex calculations.

Stand:

Its stand for {Commonly, Operated, Machine, Particulary Used in the field of Education And Research}.

As one’s said:

“Necessity is the mother of inventions”.

From the birth of human creation, human seeks their work smooth, easily, time and cost efficient to done their daily. Invention of computer is part of that race. In this article we are going to discuss the history of computer. We will try to find out the answer of the following questions:

1. Why computer is invented?
2. When computer was invented?
3. How computer was invented?
4. Who invent the first electric computer?
5. Who is known as father of modern computer?
6. What is the latest computer?
7. What would be the future of computer?

Here’s the detailed evolution history:

History of Computer:

1. Abacus:

This is the first machine invented by Chinese about 5000 years ago. It has a rectangular frame

consists of several vertical rods on which several beads were allowed to slide freely.

It is used to calculate simple arithmetic operation like addition, subtraction and multiply and division.

Types of abacus:

1.  Japanese’s Abacus
2. Chinese Abacus
3. Russian Abacus

2. Napier’s Bone:

Invented by: Napier’s bone was invented by John Napier (a Scottish Mathematician) in ear 1614 .

It had a board with rim. The left edge has 9 squares having number 0 to 9.the rods had strip of woods  bearing numbers for calculations. it was used for multiplication and divisions.

3. Slide Rule:

Invented by: An English Mathematician William Ought-red in 1622.

William developed a machine known as slid rule based on the idea of logarithms.it is very useful to solve problems related to multiplications and divisions.

4. Pascaline:

Invented by: This is invented by a Bias Pascaline in 1642.

It can only use for add and subtract whole numbers.

It has a rectangular box and eight moveable wheels.

It is also used for carry over operations.

4. Leibniz Calculator:

Leibniz calculator was invented by a German Mathematician Wilhelm Leibniz in 1694.it is made up of steel and copper.

It used stepper gear mechanism to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

5. Jacquard’s Loom:

Jacquard loom was invented by French scientist Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801.it used punch card to perform control sequences operation.

It is wavering machine and used in textile manufacturing.

Punch card: a piece of paper that contain information about the operation which are present through holes present in it.

6. Difference Engine:

It was design and invented by a English mathematician and engineer Charles Babbage in 1822.it was the first mechanical calculating machine.it is to perform complex calculation. It work on steam power and run automatically.

7. Analytical Engine:

Charles Babbage also developed an automatic machine called analytical engine in 1934.It work on same principle on which modern computer based.

Charles Babbage laid the foundation stone of modern computer that is why he is known as father of computer.

8. Hollerith Desk:

Invented by: American Scientist Herman Hollerith in 1890’s.

He developed a tabulating machine that work by using card reader that read the punched card to solve the problem.

He started a company known as Tabulating Machine Company but today its name is International Business Machine (IBM).

9. ENIC:

Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator:

Invented by: John William Muchly and John Eckert in 1946.

It is large in size, consume high power and too much heavy in weight.it was able to executes 500 additions per second.

10. EDVAC:

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.

Invented by: John William Muchly and John Eckert in 1946.

It used binary system for calculations.

11. Univac:

Universal Automatic Computer. Eckert-Muchly Computer Corporation in 1947.it was the first commercial computer aviable for used.

It is used for scientific and commercial applications.

12. IBM 650:

Invented by: IBM in 1955.

It used magnetic drums.it can read data from punched card and magnetic tapes.

13. Apple Computer:

Apple-I was developed by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs in 1977.

First computer was made by Apple Company.

Apple-II has color display.

14. IBM PC:

It was developed in 1981.it was small,efficeint and fast.It can be portable easily. It was based on 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor. It used Dos operating system.

ANSWER QUESTIONS RELATED TO HISTORY:

The answer of above mentioned is written below:

Ans no: 01:  Purpose of Invention:

In early stage, Abacus was invented to solve the simple calculations that’s why it is derived from compute means to solve something. Later it become advanced and advanced and able to solve complex calculations. Early machine is developed for the purpose of arithmetic solutions such as addition, subtraction, multiplications and divisions. But todays it used to control complex machine system like weather forecasting etc.

Ans no: 02: First Machine:

The date of invention of early machine (abacus) found about 5000 years ago by Chinese to solve arithmetic problems.

Ans no: 03: Invention:

Anything is invented due to human need, as one’s said

“Necessity is mother of invention”.

For this scientist made a machine to solve problems in time and cost efficient way.

Ans no: 04: First Mechacnical:

English mathematician and engineer Charles Babbage invented or developed first electric mechanical computer in 1822.

Ans no: 05: Father:

English mathematician and engineer Charles Babbage is known as father of computer.

Ans no: 06:  Latest and Popular:

The most popular manufacturer companies are:

• • • Fugaku
    • NVidia
    • Apple
    • Microsoft

The most popular computers or laptops are HP, Dev, Mac, Apple, Google, Microsoft etc.

Ans no: 07: Present and Future:

The future based on artificial intelligence. Hollow-gram technology also emerging in today’s worlds.

Summary:

In conclusion, modern computer is due to invention of early mechanical machines and later advancement in it. From abacus to digital computer there are thousands of year spended. Lots of scientist work on it. The rapid advancement in it arises from early of 19th century when first mechanical machine was invented. Today is the day of artificial intelligence and there is more to evolve in this field. Its makes life easily, cost and time efficient but it causes health issues and dependent on it. At the last computer makes humans countries developed.

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